carpet bombing vic

we found this pictuer at theunjustmedia.com

this is a pictuer of a kid who was in a
carpet bomb as you can see he is need
of help

carpet bombing

we found this picture at g2mil.com
this is a carpet bomber a carpet bomb is just alot of little bombs in one area they can drop 50-100 at one time

civilian target

we found this photo at kitcomm.com

this is a civilian target the usa thought if we attack civilian that hitler would give up and we would win

Japanese: Internment Camps

AT THE BEGINNING

This picture is of japanese men and women in the internment camps. It was not the same as a nazi concentration camp they're not forced to work. They just have very close living conditions.

"An H-shaped building in the middle of the block that contained a laundry room, separate bathrooms for males and females. All shower and toilet stalls were without doors or curtains. Our sleeping quarters consisted of two large rooms (approximately 20' x 25'); metal cots, and army blankets. In the beginning, guards with questionable intelligence manned the towers around the fenced camp. However, even if one could escape there was no place to go in the desert, in Utah, on foot, with an Asian face. Eventually, the guards were gone but no one tried to escape. A person could legitimately leave the camp if a person relocated to any place but the West Coast."

Quoted by Reiko Oshima Komoto. This quote was taken by a young girl who was in the Internment Camp. It is about what it looked like while they were in the camps. This is a primary source because it is her actual account about what it was like. http://http//www.uwec.edu/Geography/Ivogeler/w188/life.htm

"President Roosevelt himself called the 10 facilities "concentration camps." " http://http//www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html

The above quote was given by President Franklin Roosevelt. This is a secondary source because it was put together after WWII. From this quote we can learn that the camps were not as good as people think they are.

http://http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/projects/canadianhistory/camps/graphics/japannot.gif

The above picture is of the notice that was sent out to all japanese and japanese american people saying that they are permitted to go to certain areas and it lists the areas they are not allowed to be at. This is a primary source because it is a actual sign that was sent out to notify them. This document was created for the japanese and japanese americans.

This is a picture of some kids stuck behind the fence of an internment camp. This is a primary source because it was a picture taken at the time in the place that it happened.

The names of the 10 Internment Camps and where they were located are:

Amache (Granada), COOpened: August 24, 1942.Closed: October 15, 1945.Peak population: 7,318.
Gila River, AZ Opened July 20, 1942. Closed November 10, 1945.Peak Population 13,348.
Heart Mountain, WY Opened August 12, 1942.Closed November 10, 1945.Peak population 10,767.
Jerome, AR Opened October 6, 1942.Closed June 30, 1944.Peak population 8,497.
Manzanar, CA Opened March 21, 1942.Closed November 21, 1945.Peak population 10,046.
Minidoka, ID Opened August 10, 1942. Closed October 28, 1945.Peak population 9,397.
Poston (Colorado River), AZ Opened May 8, 1942. Closed November 28, 1945.Peak population 17,814.
Rohwer, AR Opened September 18, 1942. Closed November 30, 1945.Peak population 8,475.
Topaz (Central Utah), UT Opened September 11, 1942. Closed October 31, 1945.Peak population 8,130.
Tule Lake, CA Opened May 27, 1942. Closed March 20, 1946.Peak population 18,789. http://http//www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/camps.html

The above list is of the Internment Camps during WWII. This is a secondary source because it was put together after the war. This document was made probably for researchers or anybody that is interested in the topic. This is a reliable source because its a list and we can go find it in other places to back it up. From this list we learned that most of the Internment camps were in the Western half of the U.S. There were also a few in Arkansas. This might have been because there were lots of Japanese in that area or on the east coast.

IN THE END


Japanese Internment camps were very different from nazi concentration camps but still were not great. Though they were not worked to death and starved they didn't have an amazing time either. They were still able to go to school and hang out with friends but their freedoms, privacy, personal life, and everything else that used to be theirs was taken from them in the goverments attempt to stop them from doing something that was never even planned to do in the first place.

Almost 50 years later, through the efforts of leaders and advocates of the Japanese American community, Congress passed the Civil Liberties Act of 1988. Popularly known as the Japanese American Redress Bill, this act acknowledged that "a grave injustice was done" and mandated Congress to pay each victim of internment $20,000 in reparations. The reparations were sent with a signed apology from the President of the United States on behalf of the American people. The period for reparations ended in August of 1998.

This was after the war was over and the goverment felt bad about sending the japanese to the Internment Camps. They realized that they were not up to no good. So they wrote and apology that was personally signed by President Bill clinton. They also paid them money because after they were released they were in a bad financial state. This is a secondary source because it was not written at the time it happened. It is reliable though because there are pictures of it and place wher you can find it to back up the information. http://http//www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html

This is a picture of an apology letter from the goverment and signed by President Bill Clinton. It was apologizing to the japanese for what had happened to them. It was sent about 50 years after WWII. http://https//coreycr0708.wikispaces.com/file/view/letter.gif

Questions:

1- What are 3 places that the japanese were sent to for internment camps?

2- Why did the goverment put the japanese into internment camps?

3- How were the Japanese internment camps different from nazi concentration camps?

Bombing of Hiroshima

Picture of "Little Boy" (the bomb dropped in hiroshima) in the bomb pit on "Tinian" before being loaded into "Enola Gay's" bomb bay. (Picture found at Atomic Archive, Full article at Wikipedia.)




On August 6, 1945 at 8:15 a.m. the United States Army Air Forces dropped the "Little Boy" over Hiroshima, Japan the casualties were estimated (by historian Richard Frank) to between 100,000 to 200,000 most were civilians.

Picture and full article found at found at Century of Flight






The bombing of Hiroshima was one of the reasons that Japan decided to quit fighting in World War 2, The bomb dropped on Hiroshima was "Little Boy", Little Boy was the first nuclear weapon used in a war, Its explosion went about 1,800 feet with a force equivlent to 13,000 tons of TNT, Deaths were between 70,000 to 130,000. Little Boy was dropped from the "Enola Gay" piloted by U.S. Army Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Paul W. Tibbets. Col. Tibbets was born in Quincy, Illinois he was raised in Cedar Rapids, Iowa then moved with his family to Miami, Florida and went to the University of Florida. On Febuary 25, 1937 he enlisted as a flying cadet in the Army Air Corps at Fort Thomas, Kentucky. He was later commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in 1938 and "recived his wings" in Kelly Field, Texas, And was named commanding officer of the 308th bomb squadron, 97th Heavy Bomb Group flying B-17 Flying Fortresses on March 1942 he pioleted the lead bomberon the first Eighth Air Force bombing mission in Europe on August 17, 1942, later flew combat missions in the Medditerainian Theater of Operations. "By Rep.", Tibbets was "the best flier in the Army Air Force", he later returned to the U.S. to test the B-29 Superfortresses, he also served as a personal piolet to President Dwight D. Eisenhower at times during the war. In September of 1944 he was selected to lead the project at Wendover Army Air Field in Utah that later became the 509th Composite Group

bombind of dresden body

this image was found at gnosticliberationfront.com
this is an image of how bad the people of dersden were bombed

America And The Holocaust

America And The Holocaust

This image is from pbs.org

-Holocaust "is probably the greatest and most terrible crime ever committed in the whole history of the world."
-Americans feel guilt and responsibility for the Holocaust. -In the past twenty years the holocaust has made a huge transformation.
-Holocaust analogy is now so widely accepted that it has become today's equivalent of the "Munich

-The body of a dead Black man is displayed out in the open on a flat bed truck for other Black men to view as they were being "Interned" at the convention center during the worst riot in US History.
This hidden part of history is fully exposed on this site. Learn how over 15,000 Black people were left homeless, then run out of town and thousands were killed or wounded by fellow white Americans on May 31st, and June 1st in 1921.
Image fromBlack Wall Street

The Voyage of the St. Louis (April 1939)

Many of Germany's Jews sought refuge abroad in 1939 as Nazi anti-Jewish measures dramatically intensified. Throughout the Reich, tens of thousands lined up at foreign consulates desperate for visas. Despite worldwide sympathy for their plight, few countries, even the United States with its restrictive quota system, were willing to open their doors any wider. In April 1939, Germany's Hamburg-America Line announced a special voyage to Havana on the luxury liner St. Louis, departing May 13. The 937 tickets were quickly sold out, with more than 900 of them purchased by Jews. Most had purchased landing permits for Cuba, where they hoped to wait for the United States to call their quota number. Unknown to them, their landing permits, issued by the corrupt Cuban director of immigration, had already been invalidated by the Cuban government. The St. Louis arrived in Havana harbor on May 27, but Cuban officials denied entry to all but 28 passengers. For a week, while the ship sat at anchor in sweltering heat, representatives of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) negotiated with Cuban president Federico Laredo Brú. The Cuban government rejected the JDC's proposals and forced the ship to leave the harbor. The ship's captain, Gustav Schröder, piloted the St. Louis to the Florida coast in hopes that the U.S. would accept the passengers or that Brú would reverse his decision. The State Department, however, refused to intervene in Cuban affairs, and the Coast Guard denied the ship entrance into American waters. The St. Louis turned back to Europe. Fearful of returning to Germany, the passengers pleaded with world leaders to offer them refuge. Through the efforts of the JDC and other agencies, the governments of France, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Belgium granted the refugees temporary haven. After being at sea for over a month, the St. Louis docked in Antwerp on June 17, 1939.

Bermuda Conference, (April 19 - 29, 1943)

On March 23, 1943 the archbishop of Canterbury William Temple stood up in front of the House of Lords in London and pleaded with the British government to help the Jews of Europe. "We at this moment have upon us a tremendous responsibility," he said. "We stand at the bar of history, of humanity, and of God." Ever since news of Hitler's plan to annihilate the Jews of Europe reached the public in late 1942, British church leaders and members of Parliament had been agitating for something to be done. Temple's plea marked the culmination of the clamoring.

The U.S. sat on the proposal for several weeks. It wasn't until Jewish leaders organized a mass demonstration in New York's Madison Square Garden that the State Department saw the public relations value of the conference. Bermuda was chosen as a location most likely because wartime regulations restricting access to the island would keep the deliberations out of the public eye. While some of the mainstream press bought the ploy --"U.S., Britain Map Plan to Save Jews" read a "New York Daily News" Image from BBC

headline -- many concerned Americans began to wonder if the conference would achieve anything. A "New Republic" writer expressed some of their concerns: "No Jewish organizations are represented and the conference is purely exploratory, can make no decisions and must submit whatever recommendations it may have to the executive committee of the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees. Meanwhile the hourly slaughter of the Jews goes on."

The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Uprising (April 19, 1943)

Two events made April 19, 1943, an especially tragic day in the history of the Holocaust: In an exclusive resort on the island of Bermuda, British and American delegates began a 12-day

conference supposedly to consider what their countries could do to help the Jews of Europe. Very little, they concluded. At the very same time, on the other side of the world in Poland, the Nazis moved to liquidate the Warsaw ghetto. In a desperate last stand, the remaining Jewish inhabitants of the walled-in enclave began a hopeless month-long battle against the Nazis. It was the first time during the war that resistance fighters in an area under German control had staged an uprising.
Image from PBS It would end in the complete destruction of the ghetto.

We Will Never Die Pageant (March 9, 1943)

On a stage in Madison Square Garden, in front of a backdrop of two towering tablets inscribed in Hebrew with the Ten Commandments, a rabbi opened a performance dedicated to the murdered Jews of Europe. "We are here to say our prayers for the two million who have been killed in Europe," he announced, "because they bear the names of your first children -- the Jews.... We are not here to weep for them." He continued, "We are here to honor them and to proclaim the victory of their dying. For in our Testament are written the words of Habakkuk, prophet of Israel, 'They shall never die.' "

This image is from seraphicpress

The Holocaust

this image and information is from The Holocaust

The Holocaust was a time of devastation and corruption. It was a time of cruelty and it was terribly inhumane. The Holocaust and its supporters tried vainly to make the world perfect, but only succeeded in killing millions. Unbelievably, some people think the Holocaust never happened, but it did.
The Nazi’s and Adolph Hitler spoke against Jews even before the start of World War II, they blamed them for everything; from the defeat of World War I, for the Depression and for the fall of the Czar of Russia. People were looking for someone to blame and coincidently Adolf Hitler was there to urge them on, this hatred grew into what was called the Holocaust. Many Jews were high-ranking, and no doubt the citizens were jealous, so that gave them even more reason to dislike them, eventually Jews were considered dirt.
After the beginning of World War II in 1933 the Jews were taken away from their homes and sent to ghettoes and concentration camps. Some Jews tried to fight for their rights. The most famous revolt was the Warsaw Revolt in Warsaw, Poland which lasted 28 days. After the Jews were sent to the camps some of them were taken to gas chambers and were killed with deadly gas. After the war the camps were turned into memorials and museums

The Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project was a classified project created by the US government. It was a group of scientist trying to make a bomb using the atomic theory. There was two ways to make the bomb. One way was the gun way where it shoots uranium into a bigger uranium core which made it explode. The other was the implosive kind where high explosive lenses explode to compress the plutonium core. The US was the first country to find out on how to make the bombs. The two bombs were dropped on Heiroshima and Nagasaki.

the two different types of bombs are shown in the image above. It is a reliable source because it shows how the bombs work and the methods behind them. This image was found at wikipedia

The above image is a picture of an atom bomb dropped on hiroshima. It is a reliable source because the picture is an actual picture of an atom bomb dropped on the japanese city. This image was found at wikipedia

"In the course of the last four months it has been made probable — through the work of [Frédéric] Joliot[-Curie] in France as well as [Enrico] Fermi and Szilard in America — that it may become possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new radium-like elements would be generated. Now it appears almost certain that this could be achieved in the immediate future." To find this picture and more of this document by Albert Einstein go to wikipedia.org

In 1939, the Nazis were rumored to be developing an atomic bomb. The United States initiated its own program under the Army Corps of Engineers in June 1942. America needed to build an atomic weapon before Germany or Japan did.

General Leslie R. Groves, Deputy Chief of Construction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, was appointed to direct this top-secret project.

picture and information found at

Operation Torch: The Battle for North Africa

Operation Torch:
For 35 months the United Kingdom, United States, Free French, India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Poland, and Greece fought the axis troops in South Africa. The allied troops were trying to prevent the Soviet Union spreading any more into different parts of the world. It ended up being a victory for the allied troops with around 100,000 casualties and over 950,000 for the axis troops. British code breaking operation was a huge contributor to the success of the allied troops. This was a big win for the allied troops because it gave them control of the Mediterranean, and stopped the axis from spreading even further across the globe. It also gave the allied generals a better perspective on the intentions of the axis powers.


Allied troops arrive at the beaches on Algiers. (for original site click here)

Many of the battles were back in forth for the most part between sides until the Allied troops stormed Egypt with more then 200,000 troops, taking over tanks, stationery weapons, and breaking the Axis front with superior firepower and massive numbers.

http://http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Crusadertankandgermantank.jpg A British crusader tank passes a burning German mach IV during

Operation Crusader

A back-and-forth series of battles for control of Libya and parts of Egypt followed, climaxing in the Second Battle of El Alamein when British Commonwealth forces under the command of Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery, delivered a decisive defeat to the Axis forces and pushed the Axis forces back to Tunisia. Following the Allied landings in North West Africa, Operation Torch, in late 1942 under the command of General Dwight Eisenhower, and after Allied battles against Vichy France forces (which subsequently joined the Allies), the combined Allied forces encircled the Axis forces in northern Tunisia and forced their surrender.

American Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower (right) and George S. Patton plan Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of North Africa. Place uncertain, 1942

1ST Parachute Brigade was fully operational for Operation TORCH, which began with amphibious landings by the Allied 1st Army on 8th November 1942. Employed initially in the classic airborne role, dropping ahead of advancing ground forces until link-up, they were later employed in the infantry role, earning for themselves the nickname the ‘Red Devils’. http://www.paradata.org.uk/events/north-africa-operation-torch





Here are the landings of the allied ships in africa.


Quiz questions:

1.Q:what year did operation torch begin?
A:1942

2.Q:name two american generals of operation torch.
A:Dwight D. Eisenhower, George S. Patton

3.Q:true or false; operation torch took place in North Africa?
A:True

Island hopping in the Pacific

Island hopping in the Pacific

The Island hopping campaign was the strategy Allied forces used after the Battle of Midway in 1942. The strategy, employed by Admiral Nimitz and General MacArthur, involved bypassing the well defended Japanese islands and struck the weak points in the Japanese defense. It's main point was to "island hop" until the Allied forces were within striking distance of the Japanese islands.

The Japanese, after their attacks on Pearl Harbor, and Hong Kong, moved quickly, capturing Guam and Wake islands, within the month. By January, The Japanese struck Burma, The Dutch East Indies, New Guinea, and the Soloman Islands. They captured Manila, Kuala Lampur, and Rabaul. The speed and ferocity of the attacks stunned the Allied forces and gained the Japanese a powerful foothold in the war.

I shall run wild considerably for the first six months or a year, but I have utterly no confidence for the second and third years.-Isoroku Yamamoto

The Commanders
U.S.:General Douglas MacArthur
Admiral Chester Nimitz
Japan: General Tojo Hideki
Admiral Suzuki Kantaro
Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku

The Battles

bombing of dresden

we found this image at www.nizkor.org

this is a picture explaning the number of people that died during the bombing of dersden

http://www.fulton-armory.com/Cover_Back.jpg

World War II Weapons, How They Changed the Way Fight on the Battlefeild

The Boeing B-17 was one of the new planes during WWII. This plane was a major advancment in weapons during that time. This plane was employed by the U.S Army Air Force. this plane was a great benefit to the United States during WWII.

http://images.google.com/images?um=1&hl=en&safe=active&q=boeing+b17+of+WWII

http://history.sandiego.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/83064.jpg

This picture was taken during WWII. "Garand M1 semi-automatic rifle was adopted by the U. S. Army in 1936, fired .30 cartridge in 8-round clips." This picture was taken by the history department. This document was created to show individuals the new rifles during WWII. These are some army soldiers testing the guns. This is a primary source because this photo was taken durnig WWII.
This is a photo of a new weapon during WWII. This a tank flame thrower. This weapon was a major advancment from WWI. This document was created for people to see how much the world has changed since WWI. These flame throwers were very effective and were a benifit to the U.S. Army.

://history.sandiego.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/83227.jpg

The first atomic bomb was invented by Robert Oppenheimere. This photo was taken during WWII. This is a primary source because it was taken at the time of the war. This bomb changed the way countries fight wars. This atomic bomb was a major advancment in weapons during WWII compared to WWI. This bomb changed the future of warfare.

http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&safe=active&ei=VHutScWMBoG0sAPzs9nFBA&resnum=1&q=atomic%20bomb&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wic%20bomb&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi

These wepons are some of the new weapons that the U.S. used during WWII. These new weapons were a complete advancment from the weapons used during WWI. These weapons were very benficial to both armys and they changed how we fight wars.

http://www.fulton-armory.com/Cover_Back.jpg

This is a journal entrie of a pilot of a B-17 during WWII. "My name is Dewayne Bennett, and I flew as a pilot in WWII, 8th Air Force, 384th Bomb Group, 545th Squadron. I flew 31 missions, all in B-17s. I went to pre-flight at Santa Ana, California, Primary at Thunderbird 11, Phoenix; Basic at Marana Army Air Force Base near Tucson, Az.; and Advanced at Douglas Army Air Force Base, Douglas, Az. We flew Stearman trainers at Primary, BT-13s (Vultee Vibrators) at Marana, and the UC-78 (Bamboo Bomber) at Douglas. After graduating and getting my wings (43-H) August of l943, at Douglas Army Air Force Base in Douglas, Arizona we were sent to Roswell Army Air Force Base, Roswell, N. M. for transition in the B-17."

http://squawkin-chicken.384thbombgroup.com/images/TheCrew.jpg

Latinos: Zoot Suit Riot

Primary Sources
Letter from Orson Welles to California Parole Board
Newsweek June 21,1943
Newspaper article
The Zoot Suit Riots were riots that erupted in Los Angeles, California during World War II. It was between sailors and marines and Latinos, also known as Zoot Suits. While Mexican Americans were primary target, so were African Americans and Filipino Americans. On May 31, 1943 a group of white sailors on leave clashed with a group of young Latinos, and problems started. Sailors and Marines specifically targeted young men dressed in Zoot Suits and called themselves "pachucos" (a precursor to the term Chicano). These attacks went on, and The Los Angeles Police Department didn't do anything about it even though there were daily newspaper articles about them, and it was entirely blaimed on the pachucos.
There was an eyewitness to the attacks, journalist Carey McWilliams, and she described the scene like this:

"Marching through the streets of down town Los Angeles, a mob of several thousand soldiers, sailors, and civilians, prosuited to beat up ever zoot suiter they could find. Pushing its way into the important motion picture theaters, the mob ordered the management to turn on the house lights and then ran up and down the aisles dragging Mexicans out of their seats. Streetcars were halted while Mexicans, and some Filipinos and Negroes, were jerked from there seats, pushed into the streets and beaten with sadistic frenzy"

The local press were talking about the attacks saying that the servicemen were describing the assaults as having a "cleansing effect" that was getting rid of Los Angeles's "miscreants" and
"hoodlums".
May 31, 1943 Zoot Suit Riot News Paper article.

Attackers Roamed the streets and entered bars, restraunts, and theaters in search of victims wearing distinctive zoot suits. (very baggy pants and oversized, almost knee-length coats with wide lapels and heavy shoulder pads), and when they found them they beat them and ripped of there suits. By the end of the riots the service men would assault all Mexican-Americans between there teens and twenties indiscriminatley whether or not they wore zoot suits. The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) did barely anything to stop the riots, except arrest over six hundred Mexican-Americans.

ZOOT SUITS:

The Zoot Suit was an exaggerated version of the typical double-breasted buisness suit (two rows of button down the front) of the 1940s, altered to make both more casual and more hip. Alot of young African-American and Mexican-American (also known as Chicanos) men and others trying to look hip and young wore the Zoot Suit. The suit had a long jacket with wide shoulder pads and narrow hips, with high-waisted baggy trousers with tightly pegged, or narrow, cuffs. They were often made in bright colors and worn with long watch chains, brightly patterend neck-ties, flat topped "pork pies" hats, and shoes with thick soles. It was closely identified with jazz music and the casual youth style of the 1940s.
Many different people say they were the inventor of the zoot suit, but nobody knows for sure.Harold C. Foxx(1910-1996), who was a tailor and bandleader in Chicago,Illinois claimed to have made the first zoot suit in 1941 because he like the style of cut down suits on poor urban teenagers. Fox and others liked the style because it was tight enough to look cool, and loose enough for dancing jazz.
The style was probably really had its roots among poor black youth of the Gread Depression (1929-41). People who were not able to afford clothing, many young African-American's suit belonged to their older relatives so usually weren't fit for them. So they took them in at the waist, hips, and ankles. This new suit style became part of the African-American jazz culture and was part of the New York Renaissance style. It was common jazz slang to put a "z" at the beginning of words, so suit became zoot.
The new type of suit spread through the West Coast so Mexican-Americans (Chicanos) took up the style of the Zoot Suit. The pride of the sense of identity for youth colors was threatening to many conservative whites, and some even reacted violently to seeing these distinctive suits. Thats when the "zoot suit riots" began, in Los Angelas, California, in June 1943. It began from a fight between a few sailors and a few young people in zoot suits.

Citation:
http://www.faqs.org/childhood/Wh-Z-and-other-topics/Zoot-Suit-Riots.html

Navajo Code Talkers