Tuesday, March 3, 2009
The name sticks. Throughout that winter London and other British cities suffer the Blitz. Sometimes, as in Coventry on November 14, the weight of explosives is such that the technique becomes known as carpet bombing (of which the most intense example, later in the war, is the controversial British attack on Dresden during the night of 13 February 1945)
newspaper about the bombing of dresden
we found this at www.library.flawlesslogic.com
The night of February 13th, and February 14th, Valentine's Day, mark an ominous anniversary in the history of Western Civilization. For beginning on the night of February 13th, 1945, occurred the destruction of Dresden.
On the eve of Valentine's Day, 1945, World War II in Europe was nearly over. For all practical purposes Germany was already defeated. Italy, and Germany's other European allies, had fallen by the wayside. The Red Army was rushing to occupy vast areas of what had been Germany in the East, while the allies of the Soviets, the British and Americans, were bombing what was left of Germany's defenses and food and transportation infrastructure into nonexistence.
And what was Dresden? Most of you have probably heard of Dresden China, and that delicately executed and meticulously detailed porcelain is really a perfect symbol for that city. For centuries Dresden had been a center of art and culture, and refined leisure and recreation. She was a city of art museums and theatres, circuses and sports stadia, a town of ancient half-timbered buildings looking for all the world like those of medieval England, with venerable churches and centuries-old cathedrals gracing her skyline. She was a city of artists and craftsmen, of actors and dancers, of tourists and the merchants and hotels that served them. Above all, what Dresden was, was defined during the war by what she was not. She had no significant military or industrial installations. Because of this, Dresden had become, above all other things that she was, a city of children, of women, of refugees, and of the injured and maimed who were recovering from their wounds in her many hospitals.
These women and children, these wounded soldiers, these infirm and elderly people, these refugees fleeing from the brutal onslaught of the Communist armies to the East, had come to Dresden because it was commonly believed at the time that Dresden would not be attacked. Its lack of strategic or military or industrial significance, and the well-known presence of hundreds of thousands of innocent civilian refugees and even Allied prisoners of war, seemed to guarantee safety to the city. Surely, it was thought, not even a the most powerful and determined enemy would be so depraved and sadistic, and so wasteful of that enemy's own resources, to attack such a city. But the people of Dresden, who were happily attending the cinema or eating dinner at home or watching the show-horses in the circus on that fateful night were wrong, wrong, wrong. And their leaders were also wrong, for the city was virtually open and undefended and only minimal civil defense preparations had been made.
Dresden's population had almost doubled in the months before the attack, mainly as a result of the influx of refugees from the Eastern Front, most of them women and young children. According to British historian David Irving, the briefings given to the British bomber squadrons before the attack on Dresden were curiously different. In one, the soldiers were told that their target was the railway center of Dresden. In another, they were told that the target was a poison-gas factory. In yet another, they were told that the target was a marshalling-grounds for troops in the city. Another was told that the target was a major arsenal. These were all lies.
The only marshalling-grounds for what few troops were in the area were located well outside the city. The arsenal had burned down in 1916. There were factories for toothpaste and baby-powder in Dresden, but none for poison gas. There were, in fact, no fewer than eighteen railway stations in Dresden, but only one was hit by the bombing, and that was barely touched and in fact was operating again just three days later.
According to copious documentation unearthed by David Irving from the archives of the American and British governments, the point of the attack was in fact to inflict the maximum loss of life on the civilian population and particularly to kill as many refugees as possible who were fleeing from the Red Army. In achieving these goals it was highly successful. It was thus planned and executed by those at the very highest levels of the British and American governments, who to attain their purposes even lied to their own soldiers and citizens, who to this day have never been told the full story by their leaders.
How was this devastating effect accomplished?
At 10:10 PM on February 13th, the first wave of the attack, consisting of the British Number 5 Bomber Group, began. The attacking force consisted of about 2,000 bombers with additional support craft, which dropped over 3,000 high explosive and 650,000 incendiary bombs (more commonly known as firebombs) on the center of the city. Incendiary bombs are not known for their efficiency per pound in destroying heavy equipment such as military hardware or railroad tracks, but are extremely effective in producing maximum loss of human life. The loads carried by the bombers were over 75 per cent incendiaries. In fact, the goal of the first wave of the attack was, according to British air commander Sir Arthur Bomber Harris, to set the city well on fire. That he did.
The lack of any effective anti-aircraft defenses allowed the bombers to drop to very low altitudes and thus a relatively high degree of precision and visual identification of targets was achieved. Despite the fact that they could clearly see that the marked target area contained hospitals and sports stadia and residential areas of center city Dresden, the bombers nevertheless obeyed orders and rained down a fiery death upon the unlucky inhabitants of that city on a scale which had never before been seen on planet Earth. Hundreds of thousands of innocents were literally consumed by fire, an actual holocaust by the true definition of the word: complete consumption by fire.Monday, March 2, 2009
United Nations
The United Nations
The united nations is an international organization. The United nations help with cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after world war 2 to replace the League of Nations and stop wars between countries.
The Atlantic Charter served as a foundation stone for the later establishment of the United Nations, setting forth several principles for the nations of the world, including -- the renunciation of all aggression, right to self-government, access to raw materials, freedom from want and fear, freedom of the seas, and disarmament of aggressor nations. (Photo credit: U.S. National Archives)I got this information at www.historyplace.com
Friday, February 27, 2009
carpet bombing vic
this is a pictuer of a kid who was in a
carpet bomb as you can see he is need
of help
carpet bombing
we found this picture at g2mil.com
this is a carpet bomber a carpet bomb is just alot of little bombs in one area they can drop 50-100 at one time
civilian target
we found this photo at kitcomm.com
this is a civilian target the usa thought if we attack civilian that hitler would give up and we would win
Wednesday, February 25, 2009
Japanese: Internment Camps
http://http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/projects/canadianhistory/camps/graphics/japannot.gif
The above picture is of the notice that was sent out to all japanese and japanese american people saying that they are permitted to go to certain areas and it lists the areas they are not allowed to be at. This is a primary source because it is a actual sign that was sent out to notify them. This document was created for the japanese and japanese americans.
This is a picture of some kids stuck behind the fence of an internment camp. This is a primary source because it was a picture taken at the time in the place that it happened.
The names of the 10 Internment Camps and where they were located are:
Gila River, AZ Opened July 20, 1942. Closed November 10, 1945.Peak Population 13,348.
Heart Mountain, WY Opened August 12, 1942.Closed November 10, 1945.Peak population 10,767.
Jerome, AR Opened October 6, 1942.Closed June 30, 1944.Peak population 8,497.
Manzanar, CA Opened March 21, 1942.Closed November 21, 1945.Peak population 10,046.
Minidoka, ID Opened August 10, 1942. Closed October 28, 1945.Peak population 9,397.
Poston (Colorado River), AZ Opened May 8, 1942. Closed November 28, 1945.Peak population 17,814.
Rohwer, AR Opened September 18, 1942. Closed November 30, 1945.Peak population 8,475.
Topaz (Central Utah), UT Opened September 11, 1942. Closed October 31, 1945.Peak population 8,130.
Tule Lake, CA Opened May 27, 1942. Closed March 20, 1946.Peak population 18,789. http://http//www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/camps.html
Japanese Internment camps were very different from nazi concentration camps but still were not great. Though they were not worked to death and starved they didn't have an amazing time either. They were still able to go to school and hang out with friends but their freedoms, privacy, personal life, and everything else that used to be theirs was taken from them in the goverments attempt to stop them from doing something that was never even planned to do in the first place.
Almost 50 years later, through the efforts of leaders and advocates of the Japanese American community, Congress passed the Civil Liberties Act of 1988. Popularly known as the Japanese American Redress Bill, this act acknowledged that "a grave injustice was done" and mandated Congress to pay each victim of internment $20,000 in reparations. The reparations were sent with a signed apology from the President of the United States on behalf of the American people. The period for reparations ended in August of 1998.
This is a picture of an apology letter from the goverment and signed by President Bill Clinton. It was apologizing to the japanese for what had happened to them. It was sent about 50 years after WWII. http://https//coreycr0708.wikispaces.com/file/view/letter.gif
Bombing of Hiroshima
On August 6, 1945 at 8:15 a.m. the United States Army Air Forces dropped the "Little Boy" over Hiroshima, Japan the casualties were estimated (by historian Richard Frank) to between 100,000 to 200,000 most were civilians.
Picture and full article found at found at Century of Flight
The bombing of Hiroshima was one of the reasons that Japan decided to quit fighting in World War 2, The bomb dropped on Hiroshima was "Little Boy", Little Boy was the first nuclear weapon used in a war, Its explosion went about 1,800 feet with a force equivlent to 13,000 tons of TNT, Deaths were between 70,000 to 130,000. Little Boy was dropped from the "Enola Gay" piloted by U.S. Army Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Paul W. Tibbets. Col. Tibbets was born in Quincy, Illinois he was raised in Cedar Rapids, Iowa then moved with his family to Miami, Florida and went to the University of Florida. On Febuary 25, 1937 he enlisted as a flying cadet in the Army Air Corps at Fort Thomas, Kentucky. He was later commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in 1938 and "recived his wings" in Kelly Field, Texas, And was named commanding officer of the 308th bomb squadron, 97th Heavy Bomb Group flying B-17 Flying Fortresses on March 1942 he pioleted the lead bomberon the first Eighth Air Force bombing mission in Europe on August 17, 1942, later flew combat missions in the Medditerainian Theater of Operations. "By Rep.", Tibbets was "the best flier in the Army Air Force", he later returned to the U.S. to test the B-29 Superfortresses, he also served as a personal piolet to President Dwight D. Eisenhower at times during the war. In September of 1944 he was selected to lead the project at Wendover Army Air Field in Utah that later became the 509th Composite Group
bombind of dresden body
this is an image of how bad the people of dersden were bombed
America And The Holocaust
-Holocaust "is probably the greatest and most terrible crime ever committed in the whole history of the world."
-Americans feel guilt and responsibility for the Holocaust. -In the past twenty years the holocaust has made a huge transformation.
-Holocaust analogy is now so widely accepted that it has become today's equivalent of the "Munich
This hidden part of history is fully exposed on this site. Learn how over 15,000 Black people were left homeless, then run out of town and thousands were killed or wounded by fellow white Americans on May 31st, and June 1st in 1921.
Image fromBlack Wall Street
Bermuda Conference, (April 19 - 29, 1943)
Image from PBS It would end in the complete destruction of the ghetto.
The Nazi’s and Adolph Hitler spoke against Jews even before the start of World War II, they blamed them for everything; from the defeat of World War I, for the Depression and for the fall of the Czar of Russia. People were looking for someone to blame and coincidently Adolf Hitler was there to urge them on, this hatred grew into what was called the Holocaust. Many Jews were high-ranking, and no doubt the citizens were jealous, so that gave them even more reason to dislike them, eventually Jews were considered dirt.
After the beginning of World War II in 1933 the Jews were taken away from their homes and sent to ghettoes and concentration camps. Some Jews tried to fight for their rights. The most famous revolt was the Warsaw Revolt in Warsaw, Poland which lasted 28 days. After the Jews were sent to the camps some of them were taken to gas chambers and were killed with deadly gas. After the war the camps were turned into memorials and museums
The Manhattan Project
the two different types of bombs are shown in the image above. It is a reliable source because it shows how the bombs work and the methods behind them. This image was found at wikipedia
In 1939, the Nazis were rumored to be developing an atomic bomb. The United States initiated its own program under the Army Corps of Engineers in June 1942. America needed to build an atomic weapon before Germany or Japan did.
General Leslie R. Groves, Deputy Chief of Construction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, was appointed to direct this top-secret project.
picture and information found at
Operation Torch: The Battle for North Africa
For 35 months the United Kingdom, United States, Free French, India, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Poland, and Greece fought the axis troops in South Africa. The allied troops were trying to prevent the Soviet Union spreading any more into different parts of the world. It ended up being a victory for the allied troops with around 100,000 casualties and over 950,000 for the axis troops. British code breaking operation was a huge contributor to the success of the allied troops. This was a big win for the allied troops because it gave them control of the Mediterranean, and stopped the axis from spreading even further across the globe. It also gave the allied generals a better perspective on the intentions of the axis powers.
Allied troops arrive at the beaches on Algiers. (for original site click here)
Many of the battles were back in forth for the most part between sides until the Allied troops stormed Egypt with more then 200,000 troops, taking over tanks, stationery weapons, and breaking the Axis front with superior firepower and massive numbers.
Operation Crusader
American Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower (right) and George S. Patton plan Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of North Africa. Place uncertain, 1942
1ST Parachute Brigade was fully operational for Operation TORCH, which began with amphibious landings by the Allied 1st Army on 8th November 1942. Employed initially in the classic airborne role, dropping ahead of advancing ground forces until link-up, they were later employed in the infantry role, earning for themselves the nickname the ‘Red Devils’. http://www.paradata.org.uk/events/north-africa-operation-torch
Here are the landings of the allied ships in africa.
Quiz questions:
1.Q:what year did operation torch begin?
A:1942
2.Q:name two american generals of operation torch.
A:Dwight D. Eisenhower, George S. Patton
3.Q:true or false; operation torch took place in North Africa?
A:True
Island hopping in the Pacific
The Japanese, after their attacks on Pearl Harbor, and Hong Kong, moved quickly, capturing Guam and Wake islands, within the month. By January, The Japanese struck Burma, The Dutch East Indies, New Guinea, and the Soloman Islands. They captured Manila, Kuala Lampur, and Rabaul. The speed and ferocity of the attacks stunned the Allied forces and gained the Japanese a powerful foothold in the war.
I shall run wild considerably for the first six months or a year, but I have utterly no confidence for the second and third years.-Isoroku Yamamoto
The Commanders
U.S.:General Douglas MacArthur
Admiral Chester Nimitz
Japan: General Tojo Hideki
Admiral Suzuki Kantaro
Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku
The Battles
bombing of dresden
we found this image at www.nizkor.org
this is a picture explaning the number of people that died during the bombing of dersden
http://www.fulton-armory.com/Cover_Back.jpg
This is a photo of a new weapon during WWII. This a tank flame thrower. This weapon was a major advancment from WWI. This document was created for people to see how much the world has changed since WWI. These flame throwers were very effective and were a benifit to the U.S. Army.
The first atomic bomb was invented by Robert Oppenheimere. This photo was taken during WWII. This is a primary source because it was taken at the time of the war. This bomb changed the way countries fight wars. This atomic bomb was a major advancment in weapons during WWII compared to WWI. This bomb changed the future of warfare.
http://www.fulton-armory.com/Cover_Back.jpg
Latinos: Zoot Suit Riot
Letter from Orson Welles to California Parole Board
Newsweek June 21,1943
Newspaper article
The Zoot Suit Riots were riots that erupted in Los Angeles, California during World War II. It was between sailors and marines and Latinos, also known as Zoot Suits. While Mexican Americans were primary target, so were African Americans and Filipino Americans. On May 31, 1943 a group of white sailors on leave clashed with a group of young Latinos, and problems started. Sailors and Marines specifically targeted young men dressed in Zoot Suits and called themselves "pachucos" (a precursor to the term Chicano). These attacks went on, and The Los Angeles Police Department didn't do anything about it even though there were daily newspaper articles about them, and it was entirely blaimed on the pachucos.
There was an eyewitness to the attacks, journalist Carey McWilliams, and she described the scene like this:
"hoodlums".
May 31, 1943 Zoot Suit Riot News Paper article.
Attackers Roamed the streets and entered bars, restraunts, and theaters in search of victims wearing distinctive zoot suits. (very baggy pants and oversized, almost knee-length coats with wide lapels and heavy shoulder pads), and when they found them they beat them and ripped of there suits. By the end of the riots the service men would assault all Mexican-Americans between there teens and twenties indiscriminatley whether or not they wore zoot suits. The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) did barely anything to stop the riots, except arrest over six hundred Mexican-Americans.
Many different people say they were the inventor of the zoot suit, but nobody knows for sure.Harold C. Foxx(1910-1996), who was a tailor and bandleader in Chicago,Illinois claimed to have made the first zoot suit in 1941 because he like the style of cut down suits on poor urban teenagers. Fox and others liked the style because it was tight enough to look cool, and loose enough for dancing jazz.
The style was probably really had its roots among poor black youth of the Gread Depression (1929-41). People who were not able to afford clothing, many young African-American's suit belonged to their older relatives so usually weren't fit for them. So they took them in at the waist, hips, and ankles. This new suit style became part of the African-American jazz culture and was part of the New York Renaissance style. It was common jazz slang to put a "z" at the beginning of words, so suit became zoot.
The new type of suit spread through the West Coast so Mexican-Americans (Chicanos) took up the style of the Zoot Suit. The pride of the sense of identity for youth colors was threatening to many conservative whites, and some even reacted violently to seeing these distinctive suits. Thats when the "zoot suit riots" began, in Los Angelas, California, in June 1943. It began from a fight between a few sailors and a few young people in zoot suits.
Citation:
http://www.faqs.org/childhood/Wh-Z-and-other-topics/Zoot-Suit-Riots.html